
India, also Called the Republic of India (ISO: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a Nation in South Asia. It's the seventh biggest nation by area and with over 1.3 billion people, it's the second most populous nation in addition to the most populous democracy on earth.
Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land boundaries with Pakistan into the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmarto the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands discuss a marine border with Thailand and Indonesia.
The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilization of the 3rd century BCE. In the next millennium, the earliest scriptures related to Hinduism started to be composed.
Social stratification, according to caste, emerged in the early century BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; afterwards peninsular Middle Kingdoms affected civilizations up to Southeast Asia. In the medieval age, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islamcame, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the area's varied culture. Much of the north dropped to the Delhi Sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire.
The market expanded in the 17th century at the Mughal Empire. From the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and at the mid-19th under British Crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and contributed to India's independence in 1947.
29 states of India and their capitals
S.no | State | Capital |
---|---|---|
1 | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad |
2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar |
3 | Assam | Dispur |
4 | Bihar | Patna |
5 | Chhattisgarh | Raipur |
6 | Goa | Panaji |
7 | Gujarat | Gandhinagar |
8 | Haryana | Chandigarh (shared with Punjab) |
9 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla |
10 | Jammu and Kashmir | Srinagar (summer), Jammu (winter) |
11 | Jharkhand | Ranchi |
12 | Karnataka | Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) |
13 | Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram |
14 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal |
15 | Maharashtra | Mumbai |
16 | Manipur | Imphal |
17 | Meghalaya | Shillong |
18 | Mizoram | Aizawl |
19 | Nagaland | Kohima |
20 | Odisha | Bhubaneswar |
21 | Punjab | Chandigarh |
22 | Rajasthan | Jaipur |
23 | Sikkim | Gangtok |
24 | Tamil Nadu | Chennai |
25 | Telangana | Hyderabad (from June 2, 2014 – shared with Andhra Pradesh) |
26 | Tripura | Agartala |
27 | Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow |
28 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun |
29 | West Bengal | Kolkata |
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